Skip to main content
search
Category

Plan Ahead

Dec 29
Love0
Man and woman greeting each other with a handshake in a professional setting

What to Expect at a Funeral Arrangement Conference

By Plan Ahead, Planning Tools

None of us are ever truly prepared to lose someone we love. Whether the loss comes suddenly or has been long expected, numbness and shock are common in the first two days, which is usually when the funeral arrangements are made. To help ease the burden you may feel so soon after a loss, it’s helpful to know what to expect when you head into an arrangement conference. Preparing ahead of time will help ease your mind and prepare your thoughts.

Mature couple sitting down with funeral professional, signing papers

What is an Arrangement Conference?

An arrangement conference is a time specifically set aside to meet with a funeral director and discuss final disposition and the details of a meaningful tribute. Additionally, it’s an opportunity for the funeral director to get to know you better and learn how to best honor your loved one.

Dr. Alan Wolfelt, a nationally respected grief author and counselor, says that the funeral ritual is incredibly important for our individual grief journeys. He says, “Rich in history and rife with symbolism, the funeral ceremony helps us acknowledge the reality of the death, gives testimony to the life of the deceased, encourages the expression of grief in a way consistent with the culture’s values, provides support to mourners, allows for the embracing of faith and beliefs about life and death, and offers continuity and hope for the living.”

With this goal in mind, the arrangement conference gives you and the funeral director time to create a meaningful and healing funeral service. Most arrangement conferences take place in the funeral home, but if you are traveling from a long distance or can’t make it to the funeral home in person, you may also be able to work with your funeral director over the phone and via text, email, or other digital options.

Man and woman greeting each other with a handshake in a professional setting

What are the Main Objectives?

There are three main objectives for your time with the funeral director during the arrangement conference.

  1. Gather the vital information of the person who died (full name, SSN, birthdate, etc.), which the funeral director will then use on your behalf to request death certificates and file for veterans’ burial benefits (if applicable) and life insurance claims.
  2. Make your wishes known about how you want to remember and honor your lost loved one.
  3. Select the most fitting funeral, cremation, and burial options.

Typically, the conference takes 2-3 hours on the day of or the day after a death. The funeral director will guide you through the available funeral service and memorial options, music selections, coordination with a church and cemetery (or other desired location for the service), and much more.

Post-it notes with questions written on them

What Questions Should You Consider in Advance?

The funeral director is your partner and your guide throughout the funeral planning process. They have the experience and the knowledge needed to help you make informed decisions. Even though you will get thorough explanations from the funeral director, it’s a good idea to come to the arrangement conference having considered a few key questions:

  • Where and when should the services be held?
  • Do you want to publish an obituary? If you do, who will write it? Where will you publish it?
  • In lieu of flowers, do you want to offer charitable contributions as an option for sympathy gifts?
  • Have you chosen a cemetery or other final resting place?
  • Do you need assistance with selecting a monument or grave marker?
  • What kind of funeral service is most appropriate? Simple? Elaborate? Public? Private? Religious?
  • What would you consider to be the best way to honor and memorialize your lost loved one?
  • Should there be a viewing, visitation, funeral service, or committal service?
  • If there is a service, who will participate? Musicians, speakers, pallbearers?
  • Do you want floral arrangements present, and if so, what kind?
  • Will the final disposition be burial, cremation, or another type of interment?
  • Will the body be present at the funeral or memorial service?
  • If applicable, open or closed casket?
  • Do you know someone who will act as officiant, or will you need the funeral home’s assistance in finding one?

What Should You Bring?

The more information you bring, the smoother the meeting will be (and the less documentation you will need to bring back later). To help you prepare, print and review this Funeral Arrangement Conference Checklist. The list is fairly comprehensive and gives you an excellent place to start. However, please note that the funeral home may ask you for something not included.

Additionally, the funeral home might also reach out to you before the arrangement conference to start planning digitally. Completing some information ahead of time means that the focus of the in-person meeting can be about planning a meaningful, personalized service for your loved one.

Couple sitting at home and deciding what plans to make for a funeral

Some Final Tips

First of all, prepare as much as you can ahead of time. You can gather necessary documents, clothing and personal items, details for the obituary, and photos to be used in the service ahead of time.

Secondly, don’t feel rushed during the conference. Remember, the funeral director is there to help you with all your needs and is ready to serve you fully.

Thirdly, ask as many questions as you need. As you plan a tribute for your loved one, the funeral director is there to be a knowledgeable and available partner in a difficult situation. Make use of their experience and ask as many questions as you want.

Finally, take notes. You will receive a lot of information during the arrangement conference, and it’s unlikely you will be able to remember it all. Take a notepad (or a friend) with you and make sure to write things down.

Hopefully, you now feel a little more prepared for an arrangement conference and can go into the meeting with confidence!

Couple talking with funeral professional

One Last Thought

After planning a funeral for a loved one, you know how hard it can be. Instead, here’s a pro tip: If you’d like to make the planning process easier for your own family in the future, consider the benefits of preplanning. With a prearranged funeral plan already in place, your family won’t have to answer dozens of questions while under a cloud of stress and grief. Instead, with your wishes in hand, the arrangement conference will go very smoothly. Often, the only question left to answer is the date and time for the service to be held!

To learn more about funeral preplanning, check out these resources:

Dec 10
Love0
Young woman in pink sweater and glasses sitting at home and going over her estate plan

Avoid These 6 Estate Planning Misconceptions

By Educational, Estate Planning

A 2025 survey found that only 31% of Americans have a legal will and 55% of Americans have no estate plan at all. These figures tell us that most American families are unprotected and unprepared regarding legal matters should an unexpected death occur in the family.

You may be asking, “But what is an estate plan?” An estate plan refers to many documents, including but not limited to a legal will, a living will, a financial or healthcare power of attorney, and a trust. A combination of these documents will make up a person’s estate plan.

So, why aren’t Americans completing an estate plan? Let’s talk through 6 misconceptions around estate planning that lead many families to de-prioritize the planning process and create unintentional confusion and headaches for surviving family members.

the words "estate planning" on light teal background

Reason #1: “An estate plan is only for senior adults”

In many ways, estate planning has become associated with advanced age. Because senior adults (65+) have lived longer, worked longer, and often accumulated more wealth, the general thought is that they are more likely to need an estate plan.

However, a 20-something who’s just starting out has just as much need for estate planning documents as an 80-year-old at an assisted living facility. Why? Because both people have assets, possessions, and online accounts tied to their names.

Without a clear estate plan, both the family of the 20-year-old and the 80-year-old will have difficulty untangling an estate. In some ways, the 20-year-old’s estate may be harder. After all, the 80-year-old may have verbally conveyed some wishes while the 20-year-old probably never considered it. So, regardless of age, it’s always a good idea to have a plan for your estate.

Young woman in pink sweater and glasses sitting at home and going over her estate plan

Reason #2: “An estate plan is only for the wealthy”

Next, you may think that estate planning is only for the wealthy. While the wealthy do have more assets and properties to distribute, estate planning is not dependent on having a specific amount of wealth. In many ways, estate planning is about more than money.

It’s about the family heirlooms, the sock drawer money, the paid-off car, and the house you’ve lived in for years. Whether you have $100 to your name or $1 million, your family needs direction and guidance to understand your wishes and ensure that the right people inherit and receive what you want them to receive.

Family of three sitting with estate planning attorney, reviewing documents

Reason #3: “Estate planning will be too expensive”

The cost of estate planning ultimately rests in your hands. While there are expensive options out there, you can choose an estate planning route that comes with minimal cost.

For those who have a complicated estate, it may be worthwhile to get in contact with an estate planning attorney who can help you walk through all the details. However, for those with uncomplicated, straightforward estates, you can complete basic estate planning documents for a nominal fee.

And if you prefer to work directly with an estate planning attorney no matter what, you can call around until you find a firm or attorney that fits into your budget and meets your needs.

Happy couple smiling at estate planning attorney as they complete estate plan

Reason #4: “I have plenty of time”

Most of us don’t spend much time actively thinking about our mortality. It’s something we tend to avoid thinking about, which is why so many people assume they have plenty of time to complete an estate plan.

But the fact is that none of us know the length of our days. More than likely, all of us can name someone who died much too early or quite unexpectedly. Rather than leave things to chance, take charge and make decisions today.

By outlining your estate planning wishes now, not only will you have peace of mind that everyone you love is taken care of, but the people you love can experience incredible assurance that you’ve considered everything and made plans for the future.

Mature couple sitting at home with attorney to discuss estate plan

Reason #5: “I don’t need an estate plan”

For some, you may think you don’t need an estate plan. Maybe you live paycheck to paycheck or you’ve never been able to buy a home or invest in anything. You’re not alone! According to a report put out by PNC Bank, around 67% of workers are living paycheck to paycheck.

While your financial situation may make it seem like you don’t need an estate plan, that’s not the case. Even if your financial assets are minimal, there are still many end-of-life concerns that need your input.

Let’s discuss a few examples. A legal will allows you to designate a guardian for any minor children or pets. A living will encourages you to outline your wishes regarding life-saving medical care. A power of attorney gives your chosen representative the ability to make decisions if you become incapacitated, including paying your bills, making medical decisions, and accessing your online accounts.

Whether you have monetary assets or not, you do have many reasons to complete an estate plan and ensure your wishes are known.

Three people reviewing documents

Reason #6: “I’ve never thought about it”

And lastly, it could be that you just haven’t thought about estate planning at all. It could be because you don’t feel you qualify, but it could also simply be not knowing. In life, we don’t know what we don’t know.

So, consider this your public service announcement: An estate plan matters, and by putting one together (no matter your financial situation), you will make closing your estate and distributing your assets and heirlooms much easier on your family during a time of grief.

Post-it note that says "Time to Plan" sitting on a desk

So, What’s Next?

Now that you understand why estate planning matters and that it applies to you, how do you get started?

  1. Download our free estate planning checklist (download here)
  2. Make an appointment with an estate planning attorney
  3. Look into community and online resources

Further reading on estate planning

DISCLAIMER: Individual circumstances and state laws vary, so only undertake estate planning with the help and assistance of an attorney licensed in your state.

Dec 09
Love0
Middle-aged couple sitting at table and reviewing estate planning documents with advisor

11 Reasons Why You Should Start Estate Planning Now

By Educational, Estate Planning

Far too often, estate planning stays at the bottom of the to-do pile, and because of that, surviving family members are left with an estate to untangle and questions to answer. For some families, the lack of an estate plan can lead to years of court appearances and loss of money. But it doesn’t have to be that way. Today, let’s talk about 11 reasons why estate planning is useful and why you shouldn’t put it off.

Pen and notebook paper with estate planning checklist written on it

11 Reasons Why You Should Start Estate Planning Now

First, let’s define “estate plan.” An estate plan is the process of anticipating and managing financial, medical, and guardianship issues that will arise after your death or if you become incapacitated. Think of estate planning as a road map for your family, giving them a clear vision of how to care for your health, possessions, assets, children, pets, and more.

The most common estate planning documents to consider are the financial power of attorney, medical power of attorney, living will, legal will, revocable living trust, and funeral plan.

Not every reason on this list will apply to you, but if even one reason connects to your life, then it may be time to put together an estate plan.

Young mother and father with baby putting together a legal will with attorney

1. Protect Your Minor Children

If you have children under 18, an estate plan can be essential for their care if something should happen to you. By completing certain documents, you can designate a guardian and set aside an inheritance for your children’s future. Without a plan in place, children may go through foster care or experience a period of instability on the way to a permanent home. By completing a few documents, especially a legal will, you can provide for your children if anything unexpected occurs.

Woman in gray sweater sitting on floor next to dog and looking at estate planning documents

2. Outline Future Care for Pets

Pets are family members, too, and to guarantee their well-being after your passing, you can include them in your legal documents. When a pet’s care is left unaddressed, it’s possible that they may be dropped off at a shelter or humane society rather than taken in by a loving family. To protect your pet’s future, consider taking steps to ensure that they go to a happy and healthy home should anything happen to you. To learn more, read Protect Your Pet: 4 Steps to Create an Estate Plan for Your Pet.

Two family members sitting on a couch facing away from each other in a disagreement

3. Minimize or Prevent Family Disagreements

All of us know that money can make people a little bit crazy. Sometimes it’s easy to tell who will cause problems, and other times, it’s not. By putting together an estate plan, you can significantly minimize or completely prevent any squabbles amongst your surviving loved ones. An estate plan will clearly outline your wishes regarding who gets what, when they get it, who’s in charge, and more. And because the documents are legally binding, any difficult people will have to go along with it.

Couple sitting at table with advisor and discussing estate plan

4. Specify How Your Assets Should Be Distributed

You might say, “I don’t have a lot of money. Why do I need a will?” The word “assets” refers to much more than just money. It’s your car, your house, your accounts, and your cherished heirlooms, to name a few. All of these items belong to you, and you should be the one deciding what happens to them after you’re gone. If you don’t have an estate plan, it’s often up to state law to determine what happens, and your family may or may not benefit. By completing a few documents now, you can ensure everything goes to the right people.

Court gavel in probate court

5. Avoid Probate Court and Preserve Privacy

For some families, a revocable trust may be an excellent option because it allows you to skip the costly and time-consuming probate court process. At probate court, the legal will is authenticated, and a plan is set to pay bills and taxes before distributing to the rightful heirs. Depending on your state, it can be a complicated process, especially if someone decides to oppose the will. However, with a trust, you can completely avoid probate court and appoint your own executor, who will take care of everything privately and out of the public eye.

Couple sitting at table with advisor in suit as they look at documents together

6. Choose a Trusted Estate Executor

An executor is the person who carries out the desires and directives you’ve written in a legal will. You can designate someone you trust as executor, but if you don’t have a legal will, everything will fall to the state. The state-appointed executor will then decide what to do with your assets and property. While they will follow state law, the end results may not benefit your family. However, by completing an estate plan and choosing an executor, you can avoid this unnecessary complication.

Mature couple looking at documents with an attorney in the comfort of their home

7. Manage or Minimize Estate Tax Issues

Another reason to set up an estate plan is to manage or minimize taxes associated with state/federal estate tax laws or inheritance laws. Without a plan, these taxes could significantly affect what’s left for your heirs. However, you can reduce the tax on your overall estate when your estate plan is properly structured. It’s best to speak with an estate planning attorney to discuss the right options for your particular estate. With their help, you may be able to legally avoid expensive taxes that can negatively impact your estate.

Mature mature and her female doctor sitting on couch and discussing medical care

8. Document your Medical Care Wishes

Not to be confused with a legal will, the living will is a document that outlines your medical care wishes should you become incapacitated. In this document, you provide guidance on which medical procedures you are okay with and which you aren’t. For example, some people may include DNR (do not resuscitate) orders in their living will. The biggest benefit to completing a living will is that you provide family members and doctors with a comprehensive understanding of your wishes so they can make decisions appropriately.

Focus on two people holding hands, one with a hospital IV inserted

9. Avoid a Guardianship Appointment

A power of attorney (POA) allows a designated representative to legally act on your behalf. This means that they can make financial or medical decisions, pay bills, and sell property, to name a few. However, if you become incapacitated and don’t have a POA, it’s possible that no one (including your spouse) will be able to act for you. In this event, the court must appoint a guardian for you, which can be an expensive and lengthy process. However, with a POA in place, your loved ones can make decisions on your behalf with ease.

Couple sitting on couch and talking with representative about charitable gifts

10. Arrange for Charitable Gifts

If you’d like to support an organization or charity by leaving a charitable gift (or bequest), then you’ll want to use your estate plan to set everything up. There are ways to designate certain finances to go to a specific organization, and when properly structured, you can do so without losing much to taxes. If you plan to give a large amount or would like to create a new scholarship fund at an institution, reach out to the organization itself first. Their knowledgeable staff will help you navigate all the steps.

Father and son sitting on couch and laughing together, completely at peace

11. Give Everyone Peace of Mind

And last but certainly not least, completing an estate plan will give you – and your survivors – peace of mind. Creating an estate plan takes time and can be a bit stressful. Imagine having to do everything after a loved one has already passed away and can no longer answer questions or give opinions. It’s one more stress added to an already difficult time of loss. Instead, by putting in the work now, you can give everyone peace of mind and remove a future burden from your loved ones’ shoulders.

Middle-aged couple sitting at table and reviewing estate planning documents with advisor

Why Is It Important to Plan Now?

In short, the most compelling reason why you should start putting your estate plan together now is that none of us know the length of our days. For many of us, it will be decades before there’s even a hint of a health problem. But for some, an accident or a diagnosis can come without warning and much too early.

Because the future is unknown, take the time now to protect your children, your pets, and your assets. Without your forethought, there’s no telling what may happen after you’re gone. It’s never too early to put together an estate plan, but it can be too late.

To begin preparing a comprehensive estate plan, make an appointment with a local estate planning attorney or look online for resources in your area. While it will take time to put everything together, your family will be so grateful in the end.

Couple sitting at table and discussing estate plan options with expert

Additional Estate Planning Resources

DISCLAIMER: Individual circumstances and state laws vary, so any estate planning should only be undertaken with the help and assistance of an attorney licensed in your state. 

Oct 10
Love0
Man and woman looking at computer and reviewing policies

Life Insurance and Funeral Expenses: What You Need to Know

By Estate Planning, Plan Ahead

Many families plan to pay for a funeral with life insurance benefits. Sounds like a simple plan, doesn’t it? The truth is, there can be many unexpected complications with life insurance policies. Let’s talk about it.

Insurance agent reviewing insurance policy with young couple

What Could Go Wrong with a Life Insurance Policy?

If you are thinking about using a life insurance policy to pay for a funeral, it’s important to understand what factors could complicate the process. Here are a few things (though the list is not comprehensive) that could prevent or delay you or your family from accessing life insurance funds in time to pay for a funeral:

  • The policy is no longer valid (for various reasons) and has now lapsed
  • The beneficiaries named are no longer living (and new ones must be determined, possibly by state law)
  • The policy may have a lien on it
  • The date of death or cause of death could limit the payout
  • An ex-spouse or a minor was named as a beneficiary
  • The funds are insufficient to cover all end-of-life expenses
  • The policy isn’t assignable (more on this later)

Any of these “red flags” could prevent you from using an insurance policy for funeral expenses. But even if the policy is problem free, it may take 6 to 8 weeks to receive payment. In most cases, that’s long after the funeral has taken place.

Woman in yellow sweater using a calculator to determine insurance amount

Does the Life Insurance Policy Sufficiently Cover All End-of-Life Expenses?

If you are thinking about using a life insurance policy to pay for funeral expenses, another question to consider is, “Did the policyholder opt for an insured amount that would be enough to cover all end-of-life expenses as well as replace income?” In other words, is there enough money to cover all expenses AND help the surviving family?

Aside from funeral expenses, there will be many things to pay for after a loved one’s passing. Were there any credit card or medical bills, mortgages, or vehicle notes to pay off? Has the family lost a primary income and the life insurance money can help them stay afloat until that income can be replaced?

If these additional expenses weren’t considered when the policy was taken out, the family may have a hard time covering all the potential costs.

Man and woman looking at computer and reviewing policies

What Can You Do to Avoid Life Insurance Complications?

Here are a few solutions that may help you avoid future complications with life insurance at the time of death:

Review and Update Insurance Policies Regularly

If you plan to use life insurance benefits to cover funeral costs, check the policy to make sure it is still valid and update it as your life changes. If you have any questions, an elder law attorney can help you identify any concerns in your policies and assist you in correcting them. Or, if you are already in the midst of planning a funeral for a loved one, the funeral home can help, though the life insurance company will have more specific answers about the policy.

Make Sure the Policy is Assignable

To make it easier to use a life insurance policy for funeral expenses, make sure that the policy is designated as “assignable.” This means that you can sign the benefits over to a third party who will file the claim on your behalf (usually the funeral home or an assignment company). The type of policy you signed up for and the life insurance company determine whether a policy is assignable.

Funeral homes generally accept a life insurance policy in lieu of payment for a funeral, though it’s best not to assume that they will. Remember, if they do accept a policy as payment, it must be assignable. If the policy is not assignable, it’s unlikely a family can use life insurance to cover funeral costs because it can take 6 to 8 weeks to process a claim. By that time, most funeral services are already complete.

Mature couple sitting at home with an attorney as they discuss policies

Resolve Any Issues Before Death Occurs

It can be difficult and complicated to deal with a loved one’s financial assets after their passing. If there is no legally stated heir, the courts will likely probate the estate. When an estate is probated, it means that the court system must approve the validity of a last will and testament and confirm the appointment of an executor. This court procedure can sometimes be lengthy and incur additional costs. It’s much easier for heirs to inherit if there’s a legal will and up-to-date beneficiary information on any insurance policies.

Consider Preplanning Your Funeral

Another way you can help your loved ones is by planning the details of your funeral in advance. When family members are grieving, it can be hard to make decisions. Sometimes there is a tendency to overspend because people want “only the best” for Mom or Dad. But if the family knows your specific wishes, they can hone in on those and potentially save hundreds or even thousands of dollars, which means there will be more life insurance funds leftover to pay for other expenses.

To take it one step further, you can set up a prepaid funeral plan. Essentially, this is a funeral insurance policy, intended to pay for funeral expenses specifically. A funeral insurance policy offers several surprising benefits above and beyond what a life insurance policy can do. Plus, with a funeral insurance policy, you can protect life insurance funds for their true intention – helping the grieving family financially after the loss of a loved one.

To learn more about the benefits of a prepaid funeral plan, check out the chart below.

Next Steps

Some funeral homes offer payment options, but it’s always ideal to determine your plan before tragedy strikes. With a plan in place, you can alleviate the financial stress your loved ones may feel on one of the hardest days of their lives.

Whether you choose to use a life insurance policy or a funeral insurance policy, do a little research. With information in hand, you can do what’s best for your family. Also, remember that a trusted funeral director is a great resource! They’ve seen families use life insurance polices and funeral insurance policies to pay for funeral expenses and can provide expert insight into the pros and possible cons of each.

Jul 12
Love0
Wooden urn with cross on top, surrounded by purple flowers

Water-Based & Flame-Based Cremation: What’s the Difference?

By Cremation, Explore Options, Plan Ahead

For decades, flame-based cremation has been the norm across the country, but in recent years, a new form of cremation has begun to spread – water-based cremation. With this new option, you may have questions. How does water-based cremation work? How is it different from flame-based cremation? Is there a cost difference? What about the environmental impact? Today, let’s discuss the key differences between these two forms of cremation so you feel better prepared to make decisions when the time comes.

Woman in black, polka dot dress holding black urn and white lily

Let’s Define Both Forms of Cremation

In general, cremation is the process of breaking down the soft tissue of the body, leaving behind only the skeleton. This remaining bone is then processed through specialized equipment that creates a fine consistency commonly called “ashes” (or “cremains”). Regardless of which form of cremation is chosen, the end result is that a loved one’s ashes will be returned to the family with respect and dignity.

Flame-Based Cremation

Also called “fire cremation,” “traditional cremation,” or just “cremation,” flame-based cremation uses heat and direct flame to reduce the body to ashes. The body is placed in a cremation retort where natural gases, such as propane or butane, are used to burn the body for approximately 2-4 hours.

Temperatures often reach 1,400-1,800 degrees Fahrenheit, and the crematory operator may use a long shovel to reposition the body throughout the cremation process. This repositioning ensures that the body reduces more quickly.

Once the cremation process is complete, the remaining bone is removed from the cremation retort and processed into ashes using a cremulator. The ashes are then returned to the family, who can have a memorial service, place the ashes in a final resting place, or take them home.

Columbarium niche wall with flowers

Water-Based Cremation

Water-based cremation also goes by other names, such as “water cremation,” “aquamation,” “alkaline hydrolysis,” or “bio-cremation.” Water cremation uses a combination of water and alkali salts in conjunction with low heat to reduce the human body to bone.

To begin, the body is placed in a completely sealed chamber. Then, approximately 27 gallons (100 liters) of water and a small amount of alkaline chemicals are used to fill the chamber. Once filled, the chamber is gently heated (200-350 degrees Fahrenheit) and agitated to encourage decomposition. Over the next 4-16 hours, the soft tissue of the body is dissolved and all that remains is bone. (The range of 4-16 hours depends on the temperature and pressure used by the crematory operator.)

As with flame-based cremation, the bones are then finely processed into ashes and returned to the family. The remaining liquid byproduct is sterile, so it can be discarded easily and safely.

Next, Let’s Talk about Environmental Impact

As with any form of final disposition (burial, water cremation, fire cremation, burial at sea, etc.), there’s going to be some form of impact on the environment.

Green earth ball held in the palms of two people

Flame-Based Cremation & the Environment

Between the two, flame-based cremation does impact the environment more. The use of larger amounts of propane/butane to achieve high heat releases carbon dioxide into the environment. Also, other pollutants, like the mercury from dental fillings, can contaminate the air. While newer technologies and facilities have been put in place to capture and filter out mercury, it’s still possible that emissions will occur.

One way to reduce the emissions released by flame-based cremation is to use an alternative container (made of cardboard) instead of a casket during the cremation process. It takes more energy and fuel to burn the casket in comparison to an alternative container. To learn more about cremation caskets, read “A Quick Guide to Cremation Caskets.”

Water-Based Cremation & the Environment

With water-based cremation, greenhouse gases are still released into the environment, but on a smaller scale. By using less energy and lower temperatures, water cremation produces fewer of these types of emissions. Additionally, there’s no risk that pollutants will be released into the atmosphere. For example, the alkaline mixture effectively neutralizes and captures any mercury present in the body. Also, medical implants can be recycled, when possible.

Now that you have a better understanding of each cremation process and its individual impact on the environment, let’s talk through several other differences.

Wooden urn with cross on top, surrounded by purple flowers

Is there a Cost Difference?

Yes, there is a cost difference. At this time, fire cremation is generally more affordable because many funeral homes already have access to the equipment and infrastructure needed. Because water-based cremation takes longer and requires equipment that may not be readily available in your area, it typically costs more.

In the coming years, as water cremation becomes more accessible, the cost may align more closely with flame cremation. If you are interested in water cremation, speak with your preferred funeral home. You can compare the costs of the two types before choosing how you’d like to proceed.

What Alkaline Chemicals are Used in Water Cremation?

The solution used is water (95%) blended with an alkali solution of potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide accelerate the natural decomposition process that would occur in soil over many years.

Is there a Difference in the Ashes Received by the Family?

There is! With flame-based cremation, ashes are often gray or gray-white in color, coarser to the touch, and may contain visible bone fragments. The intense heat causes chemical changes in the bone’s composition, which results in the gray color and coarse texture.

Due to the lower temperatures and alkaline solution used, the bone goes through a more consistent breakdown with water cremation. Consequently, the ashes are whiter in color and smoother in texture.

Despite the visual differences, both types of ashes are composed of the same material: calcium phosphate. The fundamental composition is so similar that both types of remains can be handled, stored, and memorialized in identical ways.

Grieving woman placing red rose next to cremation urn

What is the Availability for Each Form of Cremation?

Flame-based cremation has been an accepted practice for many years and is readily accessible and available in all states. On the other hand, water cremation is relatively new and not available in all states. However, given time, water cremation may become as prevalent as fire cremation. Click here to learn your state’s stance on water cremation.

What’s Next?

Now that you understand the differences, the next questions to ask yourself are: What’s my preference? Is it available at my preferred funeral home or in my state/area?

The best person to help you understand your local options is your trusted funeral professional! Both cremation methods come with pros and cons, and meeting with a funeral professional can make all the difference. They can help you evaluate and understand the choices available so you can make an informed decision that aligns with your values and meets your needs.

Apr 16
Love0
Spray of white flowers resting on a casket covered in an American flag

Test Your Knowledge about Veterans’ Burial Benefits

By Plan Ahead, Veterans

Among veterans, there are a lot of misconceptions about veterans’ burial benefits. How much does the VA pay toward a veteran’s funeral? Which benefits is my spouse eligible to receive? What are the eligibility requirements?

This confusion is understandable. Most service men and women don’t really get a good explanation of what burial benefits they are eligible for due to their service in the Armed Forces. Some veterans assume they know what they will receive, and they plan based on misconceptions. Unfortunately, at the time of death, these misconceptions can make a difficult time even more complicated for surviving family members.

Today, take a moment to test your knowledge of veterans’ benefits by reviewing the questions below.

Spray of white flowers resting on a casket covered in an American flag

Will the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) pay for a veteran’s funeral in full?

No, the VA will not pay for a veteran’s funeral in full. This applies to both cremation services and traditional funerals. However, the VA does provide a specified amount, called a burial allowance. The burial allowance amount varies based on several factors, including whether or not the death was service-related, if the veteran was hospitalized at the VA, when the death occurred, and where the veteran has chosen to be buried.

Am I automatically eligible for burial benefits simply because I was once in the Armed Forces?

No, there are eligibility requirements that a veteran must meet to qualify for burial and funeral benefits.

Will my family receive funds from the government in advance of the funeral?

In most cases, your family will receive a reimbursement from the VA. Your family should keep track of all receipts and submit them, along with an application, to the VA. Once the application is processed and approved, your family will receive the determined reimbursement.

Bugler in uniform saluting in a national cemetery

Are there cases where the VA pays nothing toward a veteran’s funeral?

Yes. A veteran is not eligible for standard burial benefits if they 1) received a dishonorable discharge, 2) died during active military service (where different regulations apply), 3) were a member of Congress and died while holding office, or 4) were a federal prisoner.

If a spouse predeceases the veteran, can that spouse be buried at a national cemetery?

As a matter of fact, yes, the spouse can (this must be a legal spouse and does not apply to any former spouses). This benefit applies to a living veteran’s dependents as well.

Who is eligible for burial in a national cemetery?

With some restrictions and eligibility requirements:

  1. Veterans and members of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Space Force)
  2. Members of Reserve Components and Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
  3. Commissioned Officers from both the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Public Health Service
  4. World War II Merchant Mariners
  5. Some Philippine Armed Forces veterans
  6. Spouses and dependents of veterans
  7. Parents of veterans
  8. Others who receive specific approval from the Secretary of Veterans Affairs

Casket with flag wrapped around it as part of military honors

Can you reserve a national cemetery gravesite in advance?

You cannot select a specific gravesite plot, but your family can complete advance funeral planning arrangements. The benefit to advance planning is that when the death occurs, the VA merely re-verifies any previously submitted documentation. The surviving family does not need to contact the VA directly, but instead, can work in partnership with their chosen funeral home to plan a meaningful service.

What does the VA provide for veterans buried in a national cemetery?

Burial in any open VA national cemetery is available to eligible veterans. This includes, at no cost to the family:

  1. Opening/closing of the grave
  2. A grave liner
  3. Perpetual care of the gravesite
  4. Headstone or marker

Additionally, veterans are also eligible for a burial flag and the Presidential Memorial Certificate.

Folded American flag sitting on a closed casket

What does the VA provide for veterans buried in a private cemetery?

Eligible veterans may receive a burial allowance as well as a government-issued headstone (or marker or medallion), a burial flag, and a Presidential Memorial Certificate. However, any spouses or dependents buried in a private cemetery receive no benefits.

Does the VA pay for cremation services?

Not specifically, but they do provide a burial allowance for eligible families. The family pays for any funeral costs (including embalming, a memorial service, a casket or an urn, etc.) at their own expense. Then, the family can apply for the burial allowance reimbursement to help toward the overall cost, if eligible.

Both cremated and casketed remains buried or inurned at a national cemetery receive the same honors. As with a traditional funeral, the VA will provide a space for burial or inurnment, perpetual care, a marker, a burial flag, and a Presidential Memorial Certificate.

Does the VA provide burial at sea?

No, they do not, but you can contact the United States Navy Mortuary Affairs office toll-free at 1-833-330-6622 with questions.

Six American flags waving in the breeze against a blue sky

What is the Avenue of Flags?

In some national cemeteries, the Avenue of Flags (or the Avenue of Remembrance) is an everyday feature, while in others, it is reserved for special days of the year (like Veterans Day or Memorial Day). Flags upon flags line the main pathways of the cemetery, each one representing and honoring a life lived in service to the United States.

In many cases, the flags flying are burial flags. On the day of a veteran’s funeral, the family receives a burial flag, and some families choose to donate the flag to the cemetery to honor their loved one’s memory. The flags create a solemn and reverent atmosphere for those who served our country well. Contact the national cemetery of your choice to ask questions about donating a flag.

How many answers did you get correct? Hopefully, you’ve learned something you didn’t know and can adjust your plans with that knowledge.

For more information about veterans’ burial benefits, check out the resources below.

5 Key Veteran Burial Benefits You Should Know
Everything You Need to Know About Government-Issued Veteran Headstones
A State-by-State Guide to National Cemeteries for Veterans
Veterans’ Burial Benefits Checklist
Top 4 Misunderstandings Around Veterans’ Burial Benefits
Why Should Veterans Plan Ahead?

Mar 24
Love0
Large, beautiful tree in a national cemetery

A State-by-State Guide to National Cemeteries for Veterans

By Cemeteries, Explore Options, Plan Ahead, Veterans

Did you know that many veterans and their dependents are eligible for free burial in a national cemetery? It’s true! While there are eligibility requirements, the National Cemetery Administration maintains 156 national cemeteries in 42 states and Puerto Rico. If you are interested in burial or inurnment at a national cemetery, it’s a very real option for you!

Military bugler in uniform standing in a national cemetery

A Few Things to Keep in Mind

Here are a few things to keep in mind if you decide to pursue this veteran benefit:

  • In order to qualify, you must meet the VA’s eligibility requirements and only eligible dependents (such as a spouse) may be considered for burial in a national cemetery.
  • Your preferred cemetery may not have space available. If that’s the case, reach out to secondary locations or look into a state veterans cemetery instead. Your chosen funeral director can help you better understand the options available to you.
  • Some national cemeteries are closed to new interments unless you are related to a veteran or spouse already buried there. For example, if your veteran spouse is already buried there, you as the dependent spouse can request burial in the same cemetery even if it’s not open to new interments. The cemetery may not be able to accommodate you, but it doesn’t hurt to ask. In many cases, they can accommodate.
  • There are several states currently without a national cemetery. They are Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. New national cemeteries are currently under construction in Utah and Nevada, and each one will be the first national cemetery in its state.

With this information in mind, here’s a listing of the national cemeteries across the United States that are still open to new interments. If you are interested in funeral preplanning, the VA can work with you and your chosen funeral home to get your plans in place.

National Cemeteries Across the United States

Large, beautiful tree in a national cemetery

Alabama

Alabama National Cemetery – Montevallo, AL

Fort Mitchell National Cemetery – Fort Mitchell, AL

Alaska

Fort Richardson National Cemetery – Fort Richardson, AK

Sitka National Cemetery – Sitka, AK

Arizona

National Memorial Cemetery of Arizona – Phoenix, AZ

Prescott National Cemetery – Prescott, AZ (cremation only)

Arkansas

Fayetteville National Cemetery – Fayetteville, AR

Fort Smith National Cemetery – Fort Smith, AR

American flag and flower arrangement sitting next to grave markers

California

Bakersfield National Cemetery – Arvin, CA

Los Angeles National Cemetery – Los Angeles, CA (cremation only)

Miramar National Cemetery – San Diego, CA

Riverside National Cemetery – Riverside, CA

Sacramento Valley National Cemetery – Dixon, CA

San Joaquin Valley National Cemetery – Santa Nella, CA

Colorado

Fort Logan National Cemetery – Denver, CO

Fort Lyon National Cemetery – Las Animas, CO

Pikes Peak National Cemetery – Colorado Springs, CO

Florida

Barrancas National Cemetery – Pensacola, FL

Bay Pines National Cemetery – St. Petersburg, FL (cremation only)

Cape Canaveral National Cemetery – Mims, FL

Florida National Cemetery – Bushnell, FL

Jacksonville National Cemetery – Jacksonville, FL

Sarasota National Cemetery – Sarasota, FL

South Florida National Cemetery – Lake Worth, FL

Tallahassee National Cemetery – Tallahassee, FL

Georgia

Georgia National Cemetery – Canton, GA

Hawaii

National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific – Honolulu, HI

Idaho

Snake River Canyon National Cemetery – Buhl, ID

Flag-covered casket being escorted by wagon to its final resting place in a national cemetery

Illinois

Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery – Elwood, IL

Camp Butler National Cemetery – Springfield, IL

Danville National Cemetery – Danville, IL

Fort Sheridan National Cemetery – Sheridan, IL (cremation only)

Mound City National Cemetery – Mound City, IL

Rock Island National Cemetery – Rock Island, IL

Indiana

Crown Hill National Cemetery Annex – Indianapolis, IN (cremation only)

Marion National Cemetery – Marion, IN

New Albany National Cemetery – New Albany, IN (cremation only)

Iowa

Keokuk National Cemetery – Keokuk, IA

Kansas

Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery – Fort Leavenworth, KS (cremation only)

Fort Scott National Cemetery – Fort Scott, KS

Leavenworth National Cemetery – Leavenworth, KS

Kentucky

Camp Nelson National Cemetery – Nicholasville, KY

Lebanon National Cemetery – Lebanon, KY

Mill Springs National Cemetery – Nancy, KY

Military members in uniform folding an American flag over a casket

Louisiana

Louisiana National Cemetery – Zachary, LA

Port Hudson National Cemetery – Zachary, LA (cremation only)

Maine

Acadia National Cemetery – Jonesboro, ME

Maryland

Baltimore National Cemetery – Baltimore, MD (cremation only)

Massachusetts

Massachusetts National Cemetery – Bourne, MA

Michigan

Fort Custer National Cemetery – Augusta, MI

Great Lakes National Cemetery – Holly, MI

Minnesota

Fort Snelling National Cemetery – Minneapolis, MN

Grave markers at a national cemetery at sunrise

Mississippi

Biloxi National Cemetery – Biloxi, MS

Corinth National Cemetery – Corinth, MS

Natchez National Cemetery – Natchez, MS

Missouri

Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery – St. Louis, MO

Springfield National Cemetery – Springfield, MO

Montana

Yellowstone National Cemetery – Laurel, MT

Nebraska

Fort McPherson National Cemetery – Maxwell, NE

Omaha National Cemetery – Omaha, NE

Nevada

Elko National Cemetery – Elko, NV (currently unavailable; under construction)

New Jersey

Finn’s Point National Cemetery – Pennsville, NJ (cremation only)

American flags tidily arranged next to veteran grave markers in a national cemetery

New Mexico

Fort Bayard National Cemetery – Fort Bayard, NM

Santa Fe National Cemetery – Santa Fe, NM

New York

Bath National Cemetery – Bath, NY

Calverton National Cemetery – Calverton, NY

Gerald B.H. Solomon Saratoga National Cemetery – Schuylerville, NY

Long Island National Cemetery – Farmingdale, NY (cremation only)

St. Albans National Cemetery – Queens, NY (currently unavailable; under construction)

Western New York National Cemetery – Corfu, NY

Woodlawn National Cemetery – Elmira, NY (cremation only)

North Carolina

Salisbury National Cemetery – Salisbury, NC

North Dakota

Fargo National Cemetery – Harwood, ND

Ohio

Dayton National Cemetery – Dayton, OH

Ohio Western Reserve National Cemetery – Seville, OH

Oklahoma

Fort Gibson National Cemetery – Fort Gibson, OK

Fort Sill National Cemetery – Elgin, OK

Military honor guard conducting military honors at a national cemetery

Oregon

Eagle Point National Cemetery – Eagle Point, OR

Fort Stevens National Cemetery – Hammond, OR

Roseburg National Cemetery – Roseburg, OR

Willamette National Cemetery – Portland, OR

Pennsylvania

Indiantown Gap National Cemetery – Annville, PA

National Cemetery of the Alleghenies – Bridgeville, PA

Washington Crossing National Cemetery – Newtown, PA

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico National Cemetery – Bayamon, PR (cremation only)

Morovis National Cemetery – Morovis, PR

South Carolina

Beaufort National Cemetery – Beaufort, SC

Florence National Cemetery – Florence, SC

Fort Jackson National Cemetery – Columbia, SC

South Dakota

Black Hills National Cemetery – Sturgis, SD

Tennessee

Chattanooga National Cemetery – Chattanooga, TN

Knoxville National Cemetery – Knoxville, TN (cremation only)

Memphis National Cemetery – Memphis, TN (cremation only)

Mountain Home National Cemetery – Mountain Home, TN

Nashville National Cemetery – Madison, TN (cremation only)

Focus on veteran grave marker with pink flower arrangement next to it

Texas

Dallas-Fort Worth National Cemetery – Dallas, TX

Fort Bliss National Cemetery – El Paso, TX

Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery – San Antonio, TX

Houston National Cemetery – Houston, TX

San Antonio National Cemetery – San Antonio, TX (cremation only)

Utah

Southern Utah National Cemetery – Cedar City, UT (currently unavailable; under construction)

Virginia

Culpeper National Cemetery – Culpeper, VA

Danville National Cemetery – Danville, VA (cremation only)

National Memorial Cemetery at Quantico – Triangle, VA

Washington

Tahoma National Cemetery – Kent, WA

Vancouver Barracks National Cemetery – Vancouver, WA

Man in uniform saluting the buried at a national cemetery

West Virginia

West Virginia National Cemetery – Grafton, WV

Wisconsin

Northwoods National Cemetery – Harshaw, WI

Wyoming

Cheyenne National Cemetery – Cheyenne, WY

If you’d like more information about veterans’ burial benefits, visit the Veterans Affairs website or check out these helpful resources:

Mar 12
Love0
Woman in blue sweater sitting at table in her kitchen as she looks at estate planning documents

5 Steps to Getting Your Affairs in Order

By Estate Planning, Plan Ahead

While getting your affairs in order may feel like a daunting task, it makes the grieving process and closing out an estate much easier for surviving children and heirs. They won’t have to untangle any accounts or wonder how you wanted your property or assets distributed. Instead, they can focus on grieving, supporting each other, and remembering the relationship you shared.

And yes, the process of putting your affairs in order will take time, but there’s good news! Below, you will find a checklist of important documents to gather as well as guidance regarding other estate planning topics you should consider. Let’s get started.

Man and woman sitting on couch with coffee and reading estate planning documents

Step 1: Gather Important Information

The information and documents listed below will apply to most families. However, there may be additional documents that are important to your specific family. The list below is an excellent starting place and covers the vast majority of what you will need. However, take time to sit down and think through your situation. You may find more documents to include.

Checklist

  • Full legal name
  • Social Security number/card
  • Address of legal residence
  • Date and place of birth
  • Names and addresses of spouse and children
  • Birth and death certificates and certificates of marriage, divorce, citizenship, and adoption (whichever are applicable)
  • Employers and dates of employment
  • Education and military records
  • Names and phone numbers of religious contacts (if applicable)
  • Names and phone numbers of close friends, relatives, doctors, lawyers, and financial advisors
  • Medications taken regularly (keep this updated!)
  • Location of living will and other legal documents
  • Sources of income and assets (pension from your employer, IRAs, 401(k)s, interest, royalties, etc.)
  • Social Security and Medicare/Medicaid information
  • Insurance information (life, health, long-term care, home, etc.) with policy numbers and agents’ names and phone numbers
  • Copy of your most recent income tax return
  • Location of your most up-to-date legal will with an original signature
  • Liabilities, including property tax
  • Mortgages and debts
  • Location of original deed of trust for home
  • Car title and registration
  • Credit and debit card names and numbers
  • Location of safe deposit box and key

Special note: It’s important to keep your documents safe, especially in the face of natural disasters. One way to keep your documents safe is to purchase a fire and water secure case. But whatever you choose, find a way to keep your documents secure and accessible in case of emergency.

Mature husband and wife speaking with estate planning attorney

Step 2: Consider Estate Planning

Estate planning is about ensuring that your wishes regarding your estate are carried out. While most of us don’t have a literal estate with a grand manor and a stable full of horses, we do all have an “estate.” In legal terms, an estate consists of everything you own – car, home, other real estate, bank accounts, investment accounts, 401(k)s, insurance policies, furniture, personal possessions, and even pets.

By determining what your wishes are, who will receive what and when, and who is responsible for executing your legal will, you participate in estate planning. If you are interested in estate planning, please review the questions below and determine if you have taken care of them fully.

1. Do you have a legal will?

Writing a legal will is one of the best things you can do for your family. To reduce the risk of misunderstandings, heartache, and the possible headache of taking your estate through probate court, it’s best if you clearly outline who gets what and when. If there is no legal will, the state may determine the distribution of your property and assets. So, if you don’t have a legal will, your assets may not go to your heirs, depending on your state’s current regulations. If you would like to write a legal will, first talk with an attorney or try out a web service that specializes in legal documents.

Older man signing an estate planning document as wife sits in the background

2. If you do have a legal will, have you appointed an executor? And does your chosen executor have access to and know where to find all of your important documents?

Above all, the executor of your will should be someone you trust. They will carry out the wishes outlined in your legal will to the letter.

3. Have you named your beneficiaries?

Beneficiaries are the people or organizations that will receive your assets and/or property after your death. In general, it is good practice to double-check your beneficiaries every few years. This includes beneficiaries on your legal will and on any life insurance policies you may have with the purpose of ensuring everything still reflects your wishes. Double-checking beneficiaries is especially important with blended families as divorce or remarriage could change your chosen beneficiaries. To learn more, read “Estate Planning for the Blended Family.”

4. Do you want or need a trust?

If you are unfamiliar with trusts, they are similar to a will. Both a will and a trust are meant to spell out your wishes regarding assets and property. The main difference between the two is that a will is effective only after you die and then must be probated (carried out) by the court system and your chosen executor. On the other hand, in the case of a trust, there is no need to go through the court system – your successor trustee (aka the executor) will carry out your wishes after your death as they are written in the trust.

Additionally, with a trust, your successor trustee can manage your financial, healthcare, or legal affairs if you become incapacitated while you’re living. Talk with an estate planner to see if this option is right for you. Typically, a trust is helpful for those with a large number of assets and property.

Husband and wife sitting on couch looking at laptop screen

5. Have you considered your digital estate?

If you have used an email account, a networking website, or bought items online, you have a digital estate. It’s just as important to determine the future of your digital estate as your physical estate. For suggestions on how to manage your digital estate, please read “8 Tips for Managing Your Digital Estate” or “How to Make Digital Estate Planning Simple.”

6. Do you have any dependents (including pets)? Have you made your wishes clear regarding their well-being?

Most people know that they should indicate who will care for their dependents once they are gone. However, pets are also an important part of the family, and while we love them dearly, sometimes we overlook them in the estate planning process. To that end, make sure to include any veterinary documentation in your important paperwork and outline who should take over the care of your beloved animals.

Woman in blue sweater sitting at table in her kitchen as she looks at estate planning documents

Step 3: Look Into Advance Funeral Planning

No matter your level of interest, funeral planning needs to be on your list of things to do as you get your affairs in order. By writing down your funeral preferences ahead of time, you give your family a roadmap to honoring your life. Having this roadmap will take a burden off their shoulders and allow them to focus on loving and supporting each other.

For additional information on advance funeral planning, click on the links below:

Step 4: Write Out Your Advance Care Directives (ACD)

In short, an advance care directive (ACD) ensures that, if you become incapacitated, your medical wishes are known and fulfilled. Two documents, the living will and the healthcare power of attorney, make up an ACD. Sit down with your doctor and those closest to you and discuss what your wishes are regarding medical care. For more information regarding preparation of your advance care directives, read “Developing Your Advance Care Directive.”

small plant with letter blocks on front that say "update"

Step 5: Keep It Current

Once you have your affairs in order, keep them up-to-date and current, especially your legal documents, beneficiary information, and most recent tax return. Make sure to appoint a new executor if the one you have currently chosen moves away or is unable to fulfill his or her duties. If you move, update your current address on all your documents, policies, accounts, and assets. At the beginning, it’s quite an undertaking to gather all the information. But, once it’s together, updating is simple.

Also, you might consider holding a family meeting to go over your wishes and your estate. For some families, this may not be pleasant or even possible. But if you can schedule it, a family meeting is an excellent time to let everyone know how your assets are going to be distributed. By being proactive, you can answer questions, set expectations, and hopefully, prevent any family disagreements over your final wishes.

DISCLAIMER: Individual circumstances and state laws vary, so only undertake estate planning with the help and assistance of an attorney licensed in your state.

Oct 09
Love0

What is a Healthcare Power of Attorney?

By Estate Planning, Plan Ahead

When it comes to estate planning, there are many documents that cover different areas of your life, like healthcare, finances, and funeral wishes. One such document that plays a vital role in supporting your healthcare wishes is the healthcare power of attorney, also known as a medical power of attorney or a durable power of attorney for healthcare.

But what exactly is a medical power of attorney, and why do you need one? Let’s learn more about this important document!

What does a healthcare power of attorney do?

A power of attorney authorizes someone else, often called an agent, to make decisions on your behalf. There are different types of power of attorney. A general power of attorney nominates one agent who can act on your behalf in all financial, legal, and medical areas. However, if you wish to nominate someone different for each area, you’ll need to explore limited powers of attorney.

That’s where a healthcare power of attorney comes in! A healthcare power of attorney serves as one piece of your advance care directive, a set of documents that lays out the medical care you wish to receive. You can use this type of power of attorney to nominate someone you trust as a healthcare proxy. A healthcare proxy or agent will make medical decisions for you if you cannot communicate.

Remember that the medical power of attorney only names the person you wish to be your proxy and doesn’t outline your wishes. You’ll need to create a living will to document your wishes. Once you’ve documented your wishes, you can share them with your healthcare proxy so they know what decisions to make.

Who can I nominate as my healthcare proxy?

While every state has its own regulations regarding healthcare proxies, in most cases, your proxy must be over 18. Most people nominate their spouse or a family member, but you can nominate anyone you trust, like a close friend or your lawyer. It’s highly recommended not to select your healthcare provider as your proxy.

As you consider who to select as your healthcare proxy, look for someone you feel comfortable communicating your wishes to. Your proxy should be someone you trust to follow your wishes, even if they don’t agree with them. Consider choosing someone who lives nearby or would be willing to travel to you if a situation arises.

Before adding your potential proxy to your power of attorney, talk to them about your wishes and ask them if they feel comfortable serving in this role. Keep in mind that a healthcare proxy is not the same as a guardian. If you don’t have a power of attorney in place when you are incapacitated, a court may appoint a guardian to act on your behalf. A healthcare proxy is only responsible for medical decisions, while a guardian can also make financial and legal decisions.

When does the healthcare power of attorney take effect?

Your healthcare proxy will only step in if you are incapacitated or unable to communicate. If you go into a coma or vegetative state, have an issue arise while under anesthesia, or are unable to speak, move, or write after a stroke or an accident, your healthcare proxy will make decisions on your behalf. Your proxy may make medical decisions if you are in the late stages of Alzheimer’s or another form of dementia.

As long as you are conscious, of sound mind, and able to communicate, you will have decision-making power, and your healthcare power of attorney will not be used.

What decisions can my healthcare proxy make?

If your healthcare power of attorney comes into effect, your proxy will have the authority to make medical decisions. This includes decisions about the care you receive, like surgeries, treatments, medication, pain relief, CPR, and more.

Additionally, your proxy can determine which healthcare providers and physicians you use. Your proxy also has authority over what facilities you visit for treatment, including nursing homes or assisted living facilities. They may make decisions about comfort care, hospice, mental health treatment, and organ donation as well.

In many cases, your healthcare proxy will need to coordinate with the agent you have listed on your financial power of attorney to ensure that medical costs can be covered. While your healthcare proxy should follow your living will, they aren’t legally required to. They may also need to make decisions about medical issues that aren’t mentioned in your living will.

How do I create a healthcare power of attorney?

While many online resources can help you create your healthcare power of attorney, the best course of action is to consult an estate planning lawyer. Each state has different regulations, and a lawyer can ensure your power of attorney is valid.

When creating your power of attorney, you must be of sound mind. Some states require you to have witnesses when you sign the form, while others require the document to be notarized. Depending on your state’s regulations, you may also need to have your proxy sign the forms.

Once your healthcare power of attorney is created, give a copy to your proxy and your medical provider. Keep the original document in a secure location, along with your other estate planning documents.

Can I revise my healthcare power of attorney?

Yes, you can! In fact, as your circumstances change, it’s important to keep your healthcare power of attorney up to date. Whether you move to a new state or want to change your proxy, you can change your power of attorney. Just like when you write your power of attorney, you must be of sound mind to change the document.

If you do make changes to your healthcare power of attorney, make sure to revoke or cancel your previous version. Depending on your state’s regulations and your specific situation, you may need to sign a revocation letter or include a clause in your new power of attorney revoking prior powers of attorney. Don’t forget to inform all pertinent parties (like your healthcare provider and proxy) of the change. It’s also a good idea to destroy any previous copies to prevent confusion.

As you make decisions about your medical wishes and healthcare proxy, don’t be afraid to ask for help from people you trust. And if there’s anything you’re unsure about, don’t hesitate to contact a local estate planning attorney. They can ensure that your wishes are documented in a valid way.

DISCLAIMER: Individual circumstances and state laws vary, so any estate planning should only be undertaken with the help and assistance of an attorney licensed in your state.

Oct 04
Love0
Woman in mustard yellow cardigan sitting at table, signing documents

Understanding the Living Will & Why It Matters

By Educational, Estate Planning

When planning ahead for the future (even the far future), it’s important to make sure you cover all the bases. That means making decisions about your physical estate, digital estate, funeral plans, and medical care preferences. Today, we’ll discuss the living will and how it helps your family understand your treatment preferences in a medical emergency or life-threatening situation.

Black stethoscope laying on paperwork that says "Living Will Declaration"

What is a Living Will?

First, let’s define the term “living will.” Sometimes confused with the “last will and testament,” the living will has a separate purpose: to communicate your preferences regarding life-prolonging medical treatment. Essentially, the living will spells out the medical treatments you would or would not want used to keep you alive. It provides direction on life-prolonging procedures, treatment for terminal conditions, and vegetative state conditions.

For example, if a person has no brain function after a serious car accident, they might not want to be kept alive with a ventilator. The living will is the document where that person would indicate they do not want a ventilator used to prolong their life under these circumstances.

You can create a living will at any age. And the living will only comes into play if you are in a life-threatening situation and are incapacitated and unable to make decisions for yourself. If you are awake and coherent, the doctors will ask you directly about your care and not consult the living will.

Asian man in brown jacket sitting at a table while opening an envelope with papers inside

Why Would I Create a Living Will?

In cases where a person is unconscious or incapacitated (coma, dementia, brain damage) and is suffering from a terminal illness or life-threatening injury, doctors consult the living will. However, if there’s no living will available, all medical care questions are posed to the spouse, family members, or designated healthcare proxy.

The main reasons to have a living will are four-fold:

  1. Make your medical preferences known to your family, loved ones, and doctors
  2. Relieve your family from having to make difficult medical decisions on your behalf
  3. Reduce confusion or disagreements regarding your medical care
  4. Protect your loved ones from the emotional toll of taking on the responsibility of deciding your life or death

By creating a living will, you decide what’s best for you. In a sense, even in a dire situation, you can still control what happens to you.

Two men reviewing living will documents together

What Medical Decisions Should I Address in the Living Will?

You can address whatever medications or treatments you want in the living will, but here are some things you should consider mentioning:

As you consider your options, remember that you are only recording your wishes for emergency medical situations where you are incapacitated or unable to make decisions yourself.

If you aren’t sure what the pros and cons are of each type of treatment, schedule time with your primary care physician to discuss the implications of each. Also, try not to make decisions without input from others. Include your spouse, partner, or close family members in the discussion.

Man and woman sitting at home and reviewing documents together

How Do I Write a Living Will?

Many states provide a template you can use to record your medical care preferences, but if that isn’t an option, contact an estate planning attorney. They will be familiar with your state’s specific laws and can ensure all your bases are covered.

However, here are a few things to keep in mind as you consider writing a living will:

  • Think about your personal values. Would you want treatment only if a cure were possible? Do you want medical professionals to do everything they can to save your life?
  • Consider your family’s wishes about each type of medical treatment.
  • Take your religious beliefs into account. For some people, religious tenets may dictate the types of care they choose to receive.
  • Many states require you to sign the living will before witnesses or a notary. Talk with an estate planning attorney or familiarize yourself with your state’s requirements.
  • List your healthcare proxy’s name and contact information if you have one. This person makes medical decisions on your behalf, using your living will as a guide. Click here to learn more about how to set up a healthcare proxy.
  • Your living will must be in writing to be legally valid.
  • If you choose to use a living will template, make sure to download the one intended for your state.

As you consider what to include in your living will, remember that you won’t think of every possible medical emergency. Instead of trying to plan for every scenario, address what you can and trust your healthcare proxy or your family’s judgment regarding any unexpected scenarios.

Older woman in bright orange sweater sitting at table, signing a legal document

What Do I Do with My Living Will Once It’s Complete?

Once your living will is signed and witnessed, it’s time to distribute it to all the pertinent people. You will want to:

  • Keep the original in a safe but easily accessible place.
  • Give a copy to your primary care physician.
  • Give a copy to your healthcare proxy if you have one.
  • Discuss your medical decisions with family if you haven’t already.
  • Consider carrying a wallet-sized card that indicates you have a living will and identifying your healthcare proxy by name and contact information.
  • Keep a copy with you when you are traveling.

How Long Does a Living Will Last?

It lasts until you cancel it. To cancel it, all you need to do is destroy all current copies. Make sure that any copies you gave to family members, doctors, or anyone else are destroyed and replaced.

Mature couple sitting down with attorney to discuss and sign legal documents

Can I Change or Revoke My Living Will?

Absolutely! Once a living will is signed, it goes into effect. However, if you want to make changes or revoke it, destroy all copies of the old living will and replace them with your new, updated documentation.

It’s always a good idea to review your living will occasionally, especially if something in your life has changed. For example, have you received a new diagnosis? That might affect how you feel about certain medical treatments. Have you married or divorced? You might want to update your healthcare proxy.

A good rule of thumb is to review your living will every ten years or so. Not only might your personal circumstances have changed, but your stance on certain medical treatments may have altered.

Signing a document, focus on paper and pen

Can My Living Will be Broken or Ignored?

Yes, it can. If you designate a healthcare proxy, that person has the authority to make medical decisions on your behalf and can go against your wishes. This is why choosing someone you trust as your healthcare proxy is important.

Also, your living will can be ignored if it is deemed invalid. For example, if you didn’t get the proper signatures or any previous living wills weren’t destroyed, your current directives may not be followed.

However, if you follow your state’s laws and choose a healthcare proxy you can trust, you should have no problems.

If I Move to Another State, Should I Update My Living Will?

The short answer – maybe. If you decide to move to another state, it would be best to consult an attorney on whether you need to create a new living will. And if you split your time between two homes in different states, ask your attorney if it would be best to have a living will in each state. They can advise you on the best way forward.

Woman in mustard yellow cardigan sitting at table, signing documents

Do I Need a Doctor or a Lawyer to Review My Living Will?

Legally, you do not have to get input from a doctor or a lawyer, but it would be a good idea to do so if possible. They can offer insight from their respective fields and ensure everything is done well and correctly. All decisions are entirely in your hands, so if you disagree with your doctor, that’s fine. But sometimes, you don’t know what you don’t know, and it’s helpful to have an expert by your side.

If you have additional questions about the living will and its purpose in protecting your family and communicating your medical preferences in emergencies or life-threatening situations, contact a local estate planning attorney. They are the best source for accurate information on how to proceed with creating a living will.

DISCLAIMER: Individual circumstances and state laws vary, so only undertake estate planning with the help and assistance of an attorney licensed in your state.

Skip to content